Since the emergence of CNC technology in the middle of the 20th century, CNC machine tools have brought revolutionary changes to the machinery manufacturing industry. CNC machining technology has the following characteristics: good machining flexibility, high machining accuracy, and high production efficiency. It can reduce the labor intensity of the operator, improve the working conditions, is conducive to the modernization of production management, and conducive to the improvement of economic benefits. CNC machine tool is a highly mechatronic product, suitable for processing small batch parts of various varieties, parts with complex structure, high precision and expensive key parts that are not allowed to be scrapped, parts with high technical requirements, and parts that need to shorten the production cycle And parts that require 100% inspection. The characteristics and application scope of CNC machine tools make them important equipment to adapt to the development of the national economy and national defense construction.

High speed

The use of high-speed 32-bit or more microprocessors enables the input, decoding, calculation, and output of the numerical control system to be completed at high speed, which can improve the resolution of the numerical control system and achieve high-speed and high-precision continuous small program segments. processing. The new numerical control system of the 64-bit central processing unit (CPU) currently under development enhances the interpolation operation function and rapid feed function realizes high-speed machining and realizes the multi-axis control function. Generally, the number of control axes is 3 to 15. Axes, up to 24 axes, control 3 to 6 axes at the same time.

Multifunction

The numerical control system has the functions of monitoring, detection, and compensation. Such as tool wear detection, system accuracy, and thermal deformation detection, etc., it also has functions such as tool life management, tool length offset, tool radius compensation, tool nose compensation, and pitch compensation. Most modern CNC machine tools use CRT display, which can display the trajectory of two-dimensional graphics, and some can also realize three-dimensional color dynamic graphics display. With the help of CRT, functions such as program input, editing, modification, and deletion can be realized by using the keyboard. Modern CNC systems also have hardware, software and fault self-diagnosis functions.

Intelligent

In the modern numerical control system, adaptive control technology is introduced. Adaptive Control (AC for short) technology is a technology that can adjust the working state in the machining process, and can make the cutting process achieve and maintain the best state. In the system, there are about 30 kinds of variables that directly or indirectly affect the processing effect, such as uneven workpiece blank allowance, inconsistent material hardness, tool wear, workpiece deformation, thermal deformation of machine tools, chemical affinity, viscosity of cutting fluid, etc. factor. These variables are difficult to predict in advance, and the preparation of machining programs is often based on empirical data. AC automatically adjusts and maintains the best working state, so as to obtain better machining accuracy and smaller surface roughness, and at the same time, it can also improve the service life of the tool and improve the production efficiency of the equipment.​​

Conclusion

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