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The surface geometric characteristics of the CNC lathe workpiece include surface roughness, surface waviness, and surface processing texture.
Surface roughness is the basic unit of geometric characteristics of the machined surface. When machining workpiece surface with metal cutting tools, surface roughness is mainly affected by geometric factors, physical factors, and CNC machining process factors.
From the point of view of geometry, the shape and geometric angle of the tool, especially the arc radius of the tooltip, the main deflection angle, the auxiliary deflection angle, and the feed rate in the cutting parameters have a great impact on the surface roughness.
Considering the physical essence of the cutting process, the round corner of the cutting edge, and the extrusion and friction at the back of the tool make the metal material plastic deformation and seriously deteriorates the surface roughness. When plastic materials are processed on a numerical control lathe to form banded chips, it is easy to form a chip deposit with a high hardness on the rake face. It can replace the rake face and cutting edge for cutting so that the geometric angle and back feed of the tool change. The outline of the chip buildup is very irregular so the depth and width of the tool marks on the workpiece surface are constantly changing. Some chip nodules are embedded in the workpiece surface, which increases the surface roughness. The vibration during cutting makes the parameter value of workpiece surface roughness increase.
Considering its influence on the surface roughness of hardware parts from the point of view of technology, there are main factors related to cutting tools, workpiece materials, and NC machining conditions.